FAQ

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What is the photovoltaic energy?
A: Photovoltaic solar energy is a renewable electrical energy from solar radiation.

The photovoltaic cell is an electronic component which is the basis of facilities producing that energy.

It operates on the principle of the photoelectric effect. Several cells are connected together on a photovoltaic solar module, more modules are grouped to form a solar installation.

This installation produces some electricity, which can be consumed on the spot or feed a distribution network

Is that the panels produce electricity even when there is no sun?
A : One feature of the photovoltaic panels is the lack of maintenance or renovation.

Just only a quick and occasional cleaning of the outside surface of the panels when covered with a mass of dust for example.
This practice allows the panels to receive full light in order to have an optimal production.

What is the role of the inverter?
A: The inverter acts as an converter. In fact, it receives as input the DC current from photovoltaic panels and converts it into alternating current to be injected into the STEG network.
Q: Where does the inverter place?
A: The inverter should be placed in a well ventilated and protected place. In most cases, it is placed in the stairwell or in a garage.It is also possible to place it, with both AC and DC box, in a niche near from the STEG counter.
Q: What is KWp?
A: KWp (kilowatt-peak) is the unit of the power of a photovoltaic module.A photovoltaic system is measured by its total power:Total Power = Panel Power Unit * Number of panels.
Q: Is the electricity off when the panels do not produce energy?
A: The photovoltaic installation have no risk of power cuts since the house or the building remains connected to the STEG network. So when the panels are not on, the electricity comes in the usual manner of the STEG network.
What is solar thermal?
Solar thermal corresponds to the technique that heats the water with solar energy.
What are the main benefits of a solar thermal system?
A: Solar thermal energy ensures a portion of hot water and heating needs
Thermal installation provided 40 and 70% of hot water needs of habitat and between 25 and 50% of heating needs according to the different regions of Tunisia while remaining ecological environment
A solar water heater allows an energy saving of 60 to 80% of the annual cost of your domestic hot water
What is the lifetime of a solar thermal system?
This technology is very robust and very resistant in time.
What is the difference between solar panels that heat water and photovoltaic panels?
A: There are two ways to transform solar energy:
solar thermal panels produce heat and photovoltaic solar panels generate electricity
Are there different types of solar water heaters?
A: There are three types of solar water heaters
– The solar water heater with circulation pump : The conventional solar water heater is the most common model. The sensors and the ball are distinct and distant.
– The solar water heater monoblock (termosyphon) : The sensor and the tank are grouped on the same chassis and positioned outside of the housing. This system is very simple and is more suitable for hot regions.
How works the solar thermal ?
A: Solar thermal has two main applications: heating and / or hot water.

In both cases, the concept is very simple. A water circuit passing (mineral water + glycol) heated in the solar collectors, that capture sunlight.
The calories collected are transferred to a hot water tank through a heat exchanger.

What about it?
A: Pump water, even in large volume without energy expenditure with a pump powered by solar energy.
Q: Who uses this means and since when?
A: It is only in 1970 that the photovoltaic cells that transform solar energy into electrical energy, have been used successfully.
Why ?
A: This technology requires only low maintenance costs, generally limited to cleaning the pump, and needs no external fuel intake (oil, electricity).
The lifetime of the PV system is relatively long.
Who is concerned?
A: This technology is particularly suitable for rural areas.
This technology is particularly suitable for rural areas. In fact, sunshine is plentiful (more than 5 hours of peak sunlight groundwater resources are important, the isolation of rural villages sometimes makes it difficult to supply conventional energy (oil and electricity) and water requirements are low enough to be covered by a solar pump.
What is this process? How it is implemented?
A: Solar water pumps are powered by an electric motor whose power comes from solar cells arranged on solar panels and capturing light energy from the sun.
These pumps are often connected directly to a tank supplying a mini water network or standpipes. It is generally centrifugal pumps or suction-refoulantes refoulantes.
What are its main advantages and disadvantages ?
A: advantages :
– These pumps operate through a clean renewable energy, abundant and free.
– The maintenance costs of solar panels, with a lifespan of at least twenty years, are almost zero.
Disadvantages :
– The investment cost is high (but will probably tend to decline in the future). Installation requires detailed preliminary studies and specialists, which are still few.
– The performance of these pumps varies according to the importance of solar radiation, the exposure angle of the panels and of the temperature.
How and how long should we store the firewood?
A: The freshly cut firewood, packed in 1 meter should be stored at least 2 years for optimal combustion. Cut, split and stored under cover in a well-ventilated area.
Does wood heating polluting?
A: Modern materials are performing. They reach very high levels of combustion, which significantly limit emissions.

Also, burning wood does not contribute to enhancing the greenhouse effect because trees absorb while growing the same amount of CO2 as that released during their combustion or their natural decomposition.

Does wood heating profitable?
A: Yes, wood heating is profitable. This is the cheapest fuel. Moreover the cost of fuel is assured of a good stability over time because it is mainly due to transportation and local labor, and does not suffer the fluctuations in oil and gas on world markets.

If you are heated with electricity and you want to cover 50% of your needs through the purchase of a biomass boiler, you can estimate that your investment will pay in 3 or 4 years.

Why wood energy is ecological?
A: Wood is a renewable energy source because the forest grows back over a period of 20 to 100 years, about a million times faster than fossil fuels.

With reasonable management, we can together ensure the renewal of the forest and meet the needs of men.

What maintenance is expected for wood boilers?
A: From a functional point of view, you need to perform some simple operations for the maintenance of your boiler:

  • Empty and clean the tank at the end of heating season
  • Change the tank regularly

 

So your boiler retains its performance as long as possible, you must conduct an annual maintenance by a professional.

What are the main benefits of heating with wood?
A: The main benefit of heating with wood is that it is cheaper than electric heating or heating systems using fossil fuels such as gas or oil. Wood is a renewable energy that does not aggravate the greenhouse effect.
What are the main disadvantages of wood heating?
A: The main disadvantage of wood heating is that it requires storage in dry conditions and regular supply.
Why must isolate ?
A: Insulation acts as a barrier to prevent heat loss. In winter, the insulation prevents heat from outward. In summer, it prevents external heat back inside.
Does Insulation generate energy savings?
A: Insulation can save you energy costs. For example, good insulation of the roof or attic can save you up to 50% energy compared to your current consumption.
What are the signs of a poor insulation?
A: In winter the heat is not distributed evenly and when you touch the walls of your home, you feel cold wall. In the summer the temperature of the air increases with external temperature.
What is the thermal conductivity?
A: The thermal conductivity is the property of materials to transmit heat by conduction. Symbolized by the coefficient λ, it is expressed in watts per meter Kelvin (W / mK).

More the thermal conductivity of a material is important, more that material be conductive.

What is the thermal resistance R?
A: Expressed in m². ° C / W, that is the ability of a wall to oppose the transmission of heat through it.

To calculate the thermal resistance R of an insulating material, you must know the material thickness and multiply by the reciprocal of lambda: R = e / λ where:

  • E: is the thickness (in meters)
  • λ: lambda is the thermal conductivity (expressed in W / m · K),

Plus R is great, more the wall is isolated.

What is an electric boiler?
A: Electric boiler: it is a generator producing hot water or steam for heating purposes or industrial process needs.

The electric boiler operates on the principle of the Joule effect by operation of electrical resistors.

When opting for an electric boiler?
A: Install an electric boiler if you do not have access to gas. An electric boiler is highly efficient and less expensive to install because it requires no hose.

However it is more expensive to use and is more advisable in extra.

Finally, it is compatible with all types of central heating: water radiators and underfloor heating.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of an electric boiler?
A: The electric boiler has many advantages:

– No storage tank;

– No special maintenance;

– No smell;

– No release of CO2;

– Silent;

– Incorporates a control system: room thermostat and / or programmable by model.

However, the only disadvantage to consider is that it is very energy intensive.

Where an electric boiler can be installed?
A: Electric boilers do not require a flue system and can be installed in all types of places.

Their installation and use fact greatly simplified.

How many families are there for LED lighting?
A: There are two large LED families: inorganic (LED) and organic (OLED). Let us simply note that organic LED (OLED) is being developed, and the first applications are just beginning to reach the market.

While LEDs provide point sources similar to incandescent lamps, OLED could replace the more extensive sources such as fluorescent tubes.

Currently poor luminous efficiency of the OLED, as well as their short lifetimes are that they are not used for lighting. By cons, manufacturers have to use the term for display and signage applications.

What is meant by Luminous Flux?
A: This is the amount of energy emitted by a source in the form of visible radiation in all directions per unit time.
What is the angle of emission of an LED lamp?
A: This is half-angle of the luminous intensity of the LED, the total angle (in both directions relative to the optical axis) inside which the luminous intensity is greater than half of the maximum luminous intensity.
What is the lifetime for LED lamp?
A: The LED lifetime is defined as the time by which the LED emit more than 50% of its initial luminous flux.

According to LED manufacturers, these lifetimes are greater than 100,000 hours (more then 11 years continuous), sometimes even 150,000 hours. Is 100 times higher than for a conventional incandescent lamp.

What are the advantages of LED technology?

  • A:
    • Instant work
    • Lifetime much longer than conventional incandescent lamp or even a fluorescent lamp (50 000 to 100 000 hours against 6000 to 15,000 hours for fluorescent and maximum one thousand hours for incandescent lamps).
    • Reliability: high resistance against shock, vibration and crash.
    • Insensitivity to repeated firings and low temperatures
    • Can be used at low power and low voltage (direct use of batteries).
    • Low to very low power consumption (several tens of milliwatts) with a very good yield.
    • Much smaller size than conventional lamps. By assembling several LED lighting can be achieved with innovative forms
    • Operation in very low voltage (ELV), guarantee of safety and ease of transport. There are for campers LED flashlights operated by a single hand dynamo ( “crank flashlight”) slow motion.
    • Operation in very low voltage (ELV), guarantee of safety and ease of transport. There are for campers LED flashlights operated by a single hand dynamo ( “crank flashlight”) slow motion.
    • According to their power, conventional LED 5mm almost no heat and do not burn your fingers.

     

What is wind?
A: A wind turbine is a device that can capture the wind and turn it into electricity.

Also referred to as wind turbine. The wind turns the blades of the rotor, which is connected to a generator to produce electricity. This is either stored in batteries or fed directly to the power grid.

How to know if there is enough wind in my area?
A: Before installation, it is imperative to analyze the presence of the wind in the area where you want to install your wind turbine. This will let you know if local weather conditions make possible the production of electricity from wind.
Power and size they are proportional?
A: The power of wind turbines increases with the square of their size. When doubling the diameter of a wind turbine, is multiplied by 4 the wind swept surface, and therefore four power energy production.
How high should I install a wind turbine?
A: A high wind typically captures more regular winds and faster. But this increases the cost of installation and low reduce profitability. It is often more reasonable to remain at a height of less than 12 m for a wind of less than 20 kW.
How do we measure the energy produced by a wind turbine?
A: The total amount of electricity produced by a wind turbine over time is usually expressed in kilowatt hours (kWh), that is to say the power produced multiplied by the duration of production.
Are there different types of wind turbines?
A: There are basically 3 different wind turbine technologies

– The horizontal axis wind turbines with blades usually 3

– The vertical axis wind turbines Darrieus

– Wind turbines with vertical axis Savoniu

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